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√ Spotting scopes and monoculars
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1. The history of the creation of a telescope
In the first century AD, the Roman philosopher and explorer Lucius Annaeus Seneca discovered that a glass ball filled with water had a magnifying effect. Somewhere around this time, the practical application of this discovery begins. According to legend, the Roman emperor Nero, whose mentor was Seneca, watched the fights of gladiators through a specially cut emerald. This can be considered the beginning of the era of spyglasses .
For the first time, a description of a device for distant vision appeared in 1268 in the work "Opus majus" by the English philosopher and naturalist Roger Bacon. He was the first to try to create lenses for the eyes and experimented with lenses and mirrors. As a result of his experiments, he found that the combination of a convex lens and a concave mirror allowed parallel beams to be collected into a point. This gave him the opportunity to theoretically substantiate the creation of a telescope. Unfortunately, the insufficient development of glass casting and lens grinding technology at that time did not allow him to make the first spyglass .
The next well-known description of the construction of a telescope was made in 1509 by Leonardo da Vinci. The great inventor not only gave a detailed description of the telescope, but also made a drawing of a two-lens device. In addition to this, he invented a lens grinding machine and was the first to build the path of rays in lenses. Unfortunately, this, like many other inventions of the great master, remained unclaimed for its time.
Almost 50 years later, in 1558, the physician and alchemist, one of the first scientists in Europe in the modern sense, Giambattista della Porta, covers this issue in more detail. In his encyclopedia "Natural Magic", he considers the features of lenses: when using a concave lens, you can view objects that are at a distance, and with a convex lens, close to the observer. He also found that these lenses, composed in a special way, allow you to observe both close and distant objects. In this case, the image will be clear and bright. It is unlikely that the scientist managed to create a powerful enough spyglassthrough which one could observe the starry sky, but his main merit is that his work inspired many to continue working in this direction. In 1609 he would attempt to prove his priority in the invention of the spotting scope, but would not be able to provide enough factual evidence.
The first working spyglass was invented in Holland in 1608 independently by opticians Jacob Metius, Hans Lippershey and Zakhary Jansen. It was intended for use at sea and was actively used by sailors. However, the device was not very convenient, since it was only possible to look into it with one eye. But even so, it was a breakthrough. This shortcoming was soon corrected by Galileo Galilei with the invention of binoculars .
The idea of a device for observing distant objects was of great interest to the Italian physicist, mechanic and astronomer Galileo Galilei. Having learned about the invention of a telescope in Holland, in 1609 he creates his own with his own hands. Since all Dutch patents for her invention were instantly classified, the scientist had to invent it again. The design of the device was very simple, it included a lead tube, two lenses and gave a threefold increase. Based on it, Galileo created the first binoculars by connecting two telescopes. Surprisingly, its design has survived to this day unchanged and we know it as theatrical binoculars .
It was a sensation, but the original design was imperfect and weak enough to serve as any serious instrument. Galileo Galilei begins to work on its improvement. First, he improved the way lenses were made. Then he made calculations, unique for his time, of the motion of rays within the system. As a result, he managed to create a new generation of telescopes with a maximum magnification, first ten, and then thirty times.
At first, Galileo used it for observations on land and at sea, and then, after improvement, he began to study the starry sky. The use of an instrument called the " telescope " allowed the scientist to discover mountains on the Moon and spots on the Sun, find out that the Milky Way is made up of individual stars, and discover the four satellites of Jupiter. Galileo Galilei outlined his first discoveries in the book The Starry Messenger. The book was a resounding success in Europe, sparking interest in astronomy and the telescope itself. Even the crowned persons sought to order an amazing spotting scope for themselves, and Galileo had to put their production on stream, being the only manufacturer. The influence and authority of the scientist were so high that for a long time it was he who was considered the only inventor of the telescope.
2. Where to buy inexpensive spyglass
The Sheriff binoculars store offers you a growing range of spotting scopes and low prices for them. You can visit us in Dnepropetrovsk on Artema, 9 or on sherif.ua . By ordering a spyglass in our online store, you will also receive fast delivery to Kiev, Kharkov, Rivne, Poltava, Odessa and any city in Ukraine .
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